The types are beta thalassemia major, intermedia, and minor. 2020;143:110014.doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110014, Motta I, De Amicis MM, Pinto VM, et al. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2023.007. Thalassemia: Complications and Treatment | CDC The study from Iran found that having a diagnosis of thalassemia was associated with poorer outcomes, particularly for people who have complications of thalassemia. Thats because two genes, HBA1 and HBA2, are responsible for making hemoglobin alpha. APS is an autoimmune disorder that makes your blood clot easily. However, as the situation surrounding COVID-19 continues to evolve, it's possible that some data have changed since publication. SARSCoV2 infection in beta thalassemia: preliminary data from the Italian experience. "As an individual, you have your blood typethere's nothing you can do about it.". Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Thalassaemia International Federation . Vaccination can help prevent COVID-19 infection and prevent severe illness if you do. Chowdhury SF, Anwar S. Management of hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. People with thalassaemia produce either no or too little haemoglobin, which is used by red blood cells to carry oxygen around the body. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Consider talking with a doctor about testing for thalassemia trait if theres a history of thalassemia or thalassemia trait in your family, or if you plan to have a child with someone who has the trait or a family history of it. A Practical Approach to the Management of Cancer Patients During the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An International Collaborative Group. and transmitted securely. Dr. DelCollo is board-certified in family medicine by the American Board of Family Medicine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends COVID-19 vaccines for everybody over 6 months of age in the United States. Experts are warning people that they may have an allergy to red meat if they develop these gastrointestinal symptoms. 2020;105(1):1623. How do I know if I have thalassemia trait? People who have had splenectomies have a greater risk of developing bacterial infections as well as sepsis. It is caused by genetic defects that control the production of hemoglobin. Adrenal insufficiency (a lack of sufficient hormone production by the adrenal glands) can occur with thalassemia. The most important thing you can do is make sure you are vaccinated and stay up to date on when boosters are needed. (2021). Eur J Haematol. It's not known whether blood clots with COVID-19 are more common among people with thalassemia, but healthcare providers should be aware of this potential risk. Beta-thalassemia may protect against COVID 19 - Semantic Scholar Learn more about beta-thalassemia trait and pregnancy. Thalassemia trait, aka thalassemia minor, usually doesnt cause health issues. (2022). A second dose of Pfizer or Moderna at least 4 weeks after 1st dose, less susceptibility to developing COVID-19, fewer intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, higher susceptibility to dying from COVID-19, surgery to remove your spleen or gallbladder. As thalassemia is considered to be a severe underlying medical condition , both adults and children with thalassemia were excluded from the COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials. In late 2020, a team of researchers in the United States and Europe succeeded for the first time in using CRISPR to treat 10 people with sickle cell disease and transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Needs T, et al. Is the COVID-19 Vaccine Linked to Tinnitus? Information for people with thalassemia - COVID-19 Vaccine The information in this story is accurate as of press time. Yes, you can have the trait for both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. Pregnancy outcomes among women affected with thalassemia traits. If you're living with thalassemia, you may be at greater risk for serious outcomes of COVID-19. Munkongdee T, et al. COVID-19 and thalassaemia: A position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation. Brancaleoni V, et al. Unlike its alpha counterpart, only one gene (HBB) is responsible for making hemoglobin beta. Blood banking and transfusion medicine challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings may be due to statistical randomness because of the small sample size. There are two damaged genes. If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you are a silent carrier for alpha-thalassemia. Thalassemia: Complications & treatment. (2022). A Study Says These 4 Factors May Predict Persistent Symptoms, Journal of the American Medical Association, CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. EHA and TIF on How COVID-19 Affects Thalassemia and SCD Patients According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. A comprehensive review of studies published in Seminars in Vascular Surgery in September 2021 examined peer-reviewed journal articles published from March 2020 to January 2021. Who's at Risk for Long COVID? doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0213. Prevention measures are very important. In a 2022 study, researchers found lower rates of vaccine-related side effects among 186 people with thalassemia major than in vaccine clinical trials. It causes your body to produce a lower-than-normal amount of hemoglobin, the part of your red blood cells that carries oxygen. Beta Thalassemia Trait (Minor) - Nicklaus Children's Hospital But blood tests can only lead doctors to presume that you have the trait. Luspatercept improves hemoglobin levels and blood transfusion requirements in a study of patients with -thalassemia. Affiliations 1 Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Universit Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. Current recommendations for those in the United States is that iron chelation therapy be continued unless symptoms of COVID-19 develop. 2020;108:154260.doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154260, Leblanc JF, Germain M, Delage G, et al. These transplants should proceed. According to the CDC, people shouldnt get vaccinated if they have had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Types include alpha and beta thalassemia. Management of Hemoglobin Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic Impaired immune cell . "Long COVID" is a term meaning symptoms that persist after the infection has cleared. Prevalence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in transfusion dependent and non-transfusion dependent -thalassemia patients and effects of associated comorbidities: an Iranian nationwide study. Beta thalassemia major often needs to be treated with regular blood transfusions. While the link between blood type and COVID-19 risk is still unclear, it's important to note that there have been links between blood type and diseases in the past. Beta thalassemia minor or thalassemia trait. Comparing serum ferritin levels during COVID-19 infection and recovery period in pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia, a single-center study. Lansiaux E, et al. These diseases usually occur only in people who have at least two abnormal . 2019;133(12):1279-1289.doi:10.1182/blood-2018-10-879247, Yasara N, Premawardhena A, Mettananda S. A comprehensive review of hydroxyurea for -haemoglobinopathies: the role revisited during COVID-19 pandemic. Thalassemias. COVID-19 and thalassemia: Frequently asked questions. 2020;91(3):e2020026. While there are no specific guidelines at this time, some researchers believe that hemoglobin levels should be monitored closely in people with thalassemia if they develop COVID-19, even when symptoms are only mild. Beta thalassemia. Blood transfusions are a mainstay of treatment for some people with thalassemia. (Source: File Photo) For almost a week now, Delhi resident Komal Mehta has been making frantic calls for O-negative blood for her 16-year-old son, a thalassemia major, who requires a blood transfusion every 21 days.While his blood transfusion of two units was to take place on March 13, Mehta has not been able to . Thalassemia is a blood disorder in which the body makes an abnormal form of hemoglobin. Globally, the prevalence of COVID-19 in people with beta-thalassemia specifically appears to be lower than the general population. In a 2022 study, researchers found that people with beta thalassemia minor had a higher chance of dying from COVID-19 than people in the general population. Torti L, Sorrentino F, Maffei L, De Fabritiis P, Abruzzese E. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. "At the end of the day, we're still not sure if blood type makes a difference," said Dr. Russo. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 1;16(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w. Parakh N, Pahuja S, Singh V, Kumar N, Chandra J. J Paediatr Child Health. Some research suggests that people with beta thalassemia may be at an elevated risk of developing severe illness or death from COVID-19, but research is still mixed. S124: Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. That means getting vaccinated and boosted, social distancing, wearing a mask in public, and washing your hands regularly, among other things. Vaccination can help prevent COVID-19 infection and prevent severe illness if you do. But you can still pass down the affected gene to future generations. COVID-19. People with thalassemia trait dont usually have symptoms. 1,5% global population . Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Learn more. Marion Cook. Telehealth visits, which are appointments with a healthcare provider using electronic devices from your home, are considered the equivalent of an in-person visit in many ways and can provide excellent care in many situations. Additionally, COVID-19 has complicated some treatments for thalassemia, such as the availability of lifesaving blood transfusions. Examples of coexisting conditions included insulin-dependent diabetes, heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, kidney disease, osteoporosis, hepatitis C, liver disease, and asthma. While the research is early and there is much left to be learned, people who have thalassemia (at least some types) may be more susceptible to contracting coronavirus and having a serious outcome. COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; haemoglobinopathies; pandemic; thalassaemia. A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand. -Thalassemia is the most prevalent single gene blood disorder, while the assessment of its susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) warrants it a pressing biomedical priority. Key points about beta thalassemia in children. In order of increasing severity, its classified as: People with beta thalassemia minor usually dont develop symptoms and have mild anemia. Like in alpha-thalassemia minor, your red blood cells will be smaller, and you may experience mild anemia. This blood disorder causes your body not to produce enough hemoglobin. If you're pregnant and heterozygous for beta-thalassemia, you may not need treatment, but there are still some things to consider for a healthy. Common COVID-19 treatments, including prone positioning (turning a patient on their stomach), non-invasive ventilation (oxygen delivered via a face mask), and intubation and mechanical ventilation (where a tube is inserted down the throat and a machine pumps air in and out of the lungs), may be needed depending on the severity. This means red blood cells aren't made properly or they are destroyed. People with certain medical conditions. COVID vaccine & autoimmune disease FAQ. Karimi M, Haghpanah S, Zarei T, et al. (2022). It causes anemia. Disclaimer. As a whole, experts recommend that peopleregardless of blood typekeep following CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. As new research becomes available, well update this article. Careers. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Since thalassemia trait causes only mild symptoms, if any, it usually doesnt affect life expectancy. COVID-19 pandemic and care of transfusion-dependent patients of thalassaemia: Experience from a paediatric centre in North India. Without enough hemoglobin, your red blood cells die more quickly, and your organs and tissues dont get enough oxygen. In a large Iranian study, the prevalence of COVID-19 in people with non-transfusion dependent thalassemia (those with the disease not dependent on transfusions) was much higher than in the general population (45 vs. 22.3 infections per 10,000 people). 1 Platt L, Warwick R. Are some ethnic groups Theres no cure for Nijmegen breakage syndrome, but its complications can be treated. Does Anemia Cause Weight Loss or Weight Gain? Researchers found inconsistent findings but did identify certain trends suggesting that blood type A might predispose one to increased susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), or that type O and Rh-negative blood groups might be protective. In spite of those terrible limits, this systematic-review meta-analysis opens the way to the confirmation of a possible protection/immunity of beta-thalassemia carriers against COVID-19 concerning incidence and ICU admission markers [7,8]. Thalassemia: Understanding the Inherited Blood Disorder, What Hemoglobin Does and Why It Is Important, When Iron Deficiency Anemia Is Not What It Appears to Be, What to Know About Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19, What to Know About Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19, Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Iron Chelation Preparations and Side Effects, What to Know About Parkinsons Disease and COVID-19, Alpha Thalassemia Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment, What to Know About Organ Transplants and COVID-19, A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand, COVID-19. Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. As a result, our understanding of the connection to blood type continues to evolve. For the latest on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page. Epidemiological Surveillance of SARSCov2 in -Thalassemia Patients in the Last Two Years: Reinfection Rate, Insights and Future Challenges. 10.1111/ejh.13410 All rights reserved. Aim: Low levels of immune-related micronutrients have been identified in -thalassemia samples. If you have a family history of thalassemia, you may want to know whether you carry the trait. Iron overload due to repeated transfusions is the cause of many complications seen with thalassemia, and therefore many people are treated with iron chelation therapy. Here's What You Need to Know, Omicron Infection Timeline: When Symptoms Start and How Long They Last. (2022). Differences in how people have reacted to COVID-19and whyhave occupied researchers throughout the pandemic. (2022). I declare no competing interests. However, the results of studies have differed regarding how beta thalassemia affects outcomes. Since hemoglobin levels already run low for many people with thalassemia, the combination of factors has raised some concerns. Possible symptoms include: Doctors sometimes mistake symptoms of thalassemia trait for iron deficiency. 5, 25, 26, 27 However, no details were provided as to the outcomes and course of the pregnancy in this . The Link Between Blood Type and COVID-19 Risk - Health Sotiriou S, et al. Thalassemias are inherited disorders characterized by abnormal production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. 8600 Rockville Pike Should people with thalassemia take vitamins and mineral supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic? Laboratory diagnosis of thalassemia. Some researchers hypothesize that thalassemia might be protective against COVID-19 as it is against malaria. What are the risks of having COVID if you have beta thalassemia? FAQs: Expert Answers Questions On Management Tips For Thalassemia Indian Pediatr. People with certain medical conditions. At the current time, there is no evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be transmitted by blood transfusion, and if present at all, the risk is likely to be very low. Gholinataj Jelodar M, Mirzaei S, Dehghan Chenari H. Clin Case Rep. 2022 Aug 3;10(8):e6114. In particular, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium. In Italy there are about 5000 patients with dependent transfusion thalassemia (source Italian Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies - SITE) and a smaller number, currently not definable, of patients with sickle cell anemia in chronic transfusion. Within each of these types, the severity varies, from causing moderate to severe anemia to requiring frequent blood transfusions. It causes mild to severe respiratory illness with some flu-like symptoms. They often share similar symptoms but have different causes as well as different treatments and severity. The vaccines cannot give you COVID-19. But such tests are often costly. Int J Mol Sci. Some genes contribute to the alpha chain, while others contribute to the beta chain. Yes. At this time, scientists are just beginning to learn how a diagnosis of thalassemia may affect the risk of COVID-19, potential complications, and how the pandemic may affect treatment, but preliminary research has revealed some trends. Therefore, it is unknown if COVID-19 vaccines are as efficacious for patients with thalassemia as they were found to be for the clinical trial participants . 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. (2014). doi:10.12659/MSMBR.929207, Drouin E. Beta-thalassemia may protect against COVID 19. There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. The CDC recommends mRNA vaccines for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10063, Taher AT, Bou-Fakhredin R, Kreidieh F, et al. Beta thalassemia. Published 2020 Sep 7. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10063. Treatment may include regular blood transfusions. 2020;95(8):E198-E199. IgA Antibodies and IgA Deficiency in SARS-CoV-2 Infection By. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. These antigens help prompt a response from your body's immune system. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. They result in low hemoglobin production and destruction of red blood cells. In fact, some people prefer being able to communicate with their healthcare providers from the comfort of their own home. Thalassemia Benefits - News-Medical.net But its most common in the Mediterranean, where incidence can be as high as 15%. An official website of the United States government. Thalassemias. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. There are two types of alpha-thalassemia trait. (2020). hypoxic effect of anaemia in COVID-19 . One small study found that people with the thalassemia trait (carriers) were less likely to develop a COVID-19 infection or die from the disease. Thalassemia may cause you to experience anemia-like symptoms that range from mild to severe. Shortness of breath is a common symptom of anemia. The forgotten people with thalassemia in the time of COVID-19: South Asian perspective. We avoid using tertiary references. This can make them very anaemic (tired, short of breath and pale). In many cases, alpha thalassemia may also need blood transfusions to manage. Read our, Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 for People With Thalassemia, Complications of Thalassemia and COVID-19, People Who Have Had a Splenectomy and Transplant Recipients. (2016). This may cause you to experience mild anemia. In Beta thalassemia two genes are involved. Summary document for interim clinical considerations for use of COVID-19 vaccines currently authorized or approved in the United States. Its more common in many of the same parts of the world as alpha-thalassemia. Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder caused by an inherited mutation in your HBB gene. EHA and TIF explore how COVID-19 is affecting thalassemia and SCD Symptoms can range from none at all to severe anemia that requires frequent blood transfusions. Its severity varies greatly between people. Thalassemia is a hereditary disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin. (2022). Everybody except for 1 of the 16 people in the study required regular blood transfusions. In a 2021 pilot study, researchers found a strong association between the presence of beta thalassemia minor and COVID-19 mortality. Guidelines for the Management of NonTransfusion Dependent Thalassaemias, 2nd ed. You likely wont have symptoms or may have mild symptoms. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. "People with type O blood may be more susceptible to norovirus," said infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. The COVID-19 pandemic may affect both the treatment of thalassemia in general and how COVID-19 is treated in people with thalassemia who become infected. Each one has different subtypes and hence the severity . 2020;15(1):265.doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0, Piga A, Perrotta S, Gamberini MR, et al. Beta thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia). Iron . Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Strategies to enhance information sharing, Strategies to enhance information sharing between healthcare professionals and patients and their families, Patient pathways during the pandemic: general pathway (left panel) and transfusiondependent patient pathway, A proposed algorithm for the diagnosis of COVID19 in patients with haemoglobinopathies [Colour, MeSH What We Know. The one gene defect, beta thalassemia trait (minor), is asymptomatic and results in microcytosis and mild anemia. "We all recognize that we're not the same, but we have not been able, on a genetic basis, very often, to determine whether certain people with certain genes are more or less susceptible to get an infection if they're exposed to a germ," said William Schaffner, MD, an infectious disease specialist, and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) lists risk factors that have been identified for developing severe COVID-19, and blood type does not appear. doi: 10.1002/ccr3.6114. (2022). Some people with thalassemia have cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease). Metabolism. Sotiriou S, et al. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. This means you have lower levels of hemoglobin, which could result in mild anemia. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. People having hematological disorders and hypercoagulability state need extra precautions because of the increased risk of thrombosis after COVID-19 vaccination.
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