Matthew Christopher Hulbert, "The Rise and Fall of Edwin Terrell, Guerrilla Hunter, U.S.A.", Shadow of the Outlaw: Quantrill's Initiation, "The Plot to Assassinate President Johnson" (1959, Accessed on 09-08-2009 Three Years With Quantrill, In Kansas, Confederate guerrillas attack and burn Shawneetown for the second time, Civil War raid on Lamar to be re-enacted for 150th anniversary, A hard history lesson: A Civil War Tragedy details 1864 lynching of Collin County judge, sheriff and sheriffs brother-in-law, "Replica Head of Confederate Raider Quantrill", "The Great Quantrill - Crocker Mystery in Augusta, Arkansas", Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography, Official website for the Family of Frank & Jesse James: Stray Leaves, A James Family in America Since 1650, Guerrilla raiders in an 1862 Harper's Weekly story, with illustration, Quantrill's Guerrillas Members In The Civil War, Quantrill flag at Kansas Museum of History, Charles W. Quantrell: A True Report of his Guerrilla Warfare on the Missouri and Kansas Border, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. To use it, Skeeter sucked on the end and then placed it upright on parchment.. One notable use of the Quick-Quotes Quill was when Skeeter interviewed Harry Potter after he had been chosen to compete in the 1994-1995 Triwizard Tournament. On the other hand, Frank would later claim that he wasnt there, admit that he was there, or say he was there but missed the events that followed as he was busy pursuing fleeing Union troops. [12], On March 11, 1862, Quantrill joined Confederate forces under Colonel John T. Hughes and took part in attack on Independence, Missouri. .state-topmenu { color: #000; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; text-transform: uppercase; word-spacing: 7px; z-index: 999999; }, AboutPublicationsLibrary Archives amhpo.com. The Ledger in yet another article on Friday, November 1, 1907, reported, Monday, Mr. Langford brought this office a batch of letters from W.W. Scott, of Canal Dover, Ohio, where Quantrells [sic] mother resided until her death and where the guerrilla was born and raised. Andersons group performed well, cutting telegraph lines and striking the Union supply lines. These men were stripped and Anderson made a small speech, letting them know You are all to be killed and sent to hell.. But Quantrill's activities indicated that he fought for plunder and personal revenge rather . Price sought to incorporate most of them into his column rather than dispersing them throughout the state to draw off Union troops. The shirt indicated the relationship the wearer had with its creator, mother, wife, sister, or girlfriend and was a symbol of the important role women played in sustaining the guerrillas and nursing their wounds. Clements opened fire on them and the rest of the bushwackers joined in. Struggling with distance learning? A reconnaissance of the town was done by John Noland, a black Confederate and one of Quantrills most trusted scouts. Bloody Bills reign of terror came to an end on October 27, 1864, at Albany Missouri. Quantrill, William Clarke (1837-1865). Quantrill received a field commission as captain in the Confederate army in August 1862 under the Confederate Partisan Act, but he often referred to himself as Colonel. Unlike Quantrill, his band of raiders never was sanctioned by the Confederate government. [19], In early October, Quantrill and his men rode south to Texas, where they decided to pass the winter. Following the old adage, It takes a thief to catch a thief, federal authorities commissioned Union Captain Edwin Terrell, a leader of federal guerrillas in Spencer County, Kentucky, to hunt down the handful of men still in Quantrills band. Before they could load again, Andersons men were among them with pistols blazing as scores of guerrillas poured out of the woods. He then took up with brigands and turned to cattle rustling and anything else that could earn him money. According to Langfords letter, as the Terrell scouting party approached the Wakefield farm that May day in 1865, the Quantrill gang stampeded just as the scouts reached the fence around the barn. The unit that successfully ambushed Quantrill and his followers was led by Edwin W. Terrell, a guerrilla hunter charged with finding and eliminating high-profile targets by General John M. Palmer, the commander of the District of Kentucky. John Langford appeared to be a cautious man. On his way, on October 6, Quantrill chose to attack Fort Blair in Baxter Springs, Kansas, which resulted in the so-called Battle of Baxter Springs. 133-44. The Union officials, Palmer and Governor Thomas E. Bramlette, did not wish to see Quantrill staging a repeat of his performance in Missouri in 18621863. While his boyhood friends were busy kicking soccer balls and hitting baseballs, David was in the woods of Salem with paper and pencil, capturing the details of a perched barn swallow or a purple martin. Poole propped the bodies up and instructed them at the chalkboard for an hour before complimenting them on their close attention. Another of Anderson's sisters, Mary, was permanently crippled in the collapse. These old-timers had all fought together in the border strife under Quantrills black standard, and afterward led dangerous lives, and now this was all they were fit for, to show themselves to the public like strange wild beasts of the jungle. The best known of the leaders of the Missouri bushwhackers, also called pro-Confederate partisan rangers, was William Clarke Quantrill (often spelled Quantrell in period newspapers and writings). John Langford died at his home, six miles south of Albany, at 7 oclock last Sat. The mild-mannered Langford did not consider the much-discussed event worthy of further dialogue and was said to be somewhat careful around regions where Quantrill loyalists still lived. On June 6, 1865, some twenty-seven days after he was wounded, Quantrill died. Both photos show that his left ring finger has been cut off, likely to retrieve his ring. When the slaughter ended the guerrillas headed into Centralia to finish off the rest of Johnstons command. Quantrill. He was very, very good to me. He received medical attention in towns along the way when available. Barton, OS: Three Years with Quantrill: A True Story Told by His Scout, John McCorkle, Norman, Oklahoma, 1914, Beilein, Joseph M. Jr.: Bushwackers: Guerrilla Warfare, Manhood, and the Household in Civil War Missouri, Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio, 2016, Brownlee, Richard S.: Gray Ghosts of the Confederacy: Guerrilla Warfare in the West, 1861-1865, Castel, Albert: William Clarke Quantrill: His Life and Times, New York, 1962, Castel, Albert: General Sterling Price and the Civil War in the West, Baton Rouge, 1968. Lawrence had been seen for years as the stronghold of the antislavery forces in Kansas and as a base of operation for incursions into Missouri by Jayhawkers and pro-Union forces. I suggest you fortify yours if you hope to be of any use to us. But the security of Quantrills crew was misplaced. Nodaway County author Homer Croy wrote of Quantrill, Because of Quantrill, widows wailed, orphans cried, maidens wept. Croy was echoing the sentiment of William Elsey Connelley, author of the 1909 book Quantrill and the Border Wars, in his introduction to the 1956 Civil War Book Club edition of Connelleys book. Contact between Langford and Quantrills mother was handled by W. W. Scott, one of Quantrills boyhood friends. Even the remains of the troubled young warrior, William Clarke Quantrill, have found little peace in death. Their favorite long-arm was the breech-loading 1859 Sharps rifle, easy to handle on horseback, especially in its carbine version. Revolvers used in close provided overwhelming firepower in any clash with Union troops and the guerrillas carried as many as six each. He was killed either by Dave Pooles brother William or by guerrilla George Shepherd, who was reported to have cut Jim Andersons throat on the courthouse lawn in Sherman Texas. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. The most significant event in Quantrill's guerrilla career took place on August 21, 1863. Andersons command rode into General Prices camp on October 11. But public opinion had turned against the raiders. Though he was described by various sources as being crude, illiterate, hot-tempered, callously brutal, a deadly shot, and uncontrollable when drunk, his personal bravery and thirst for action were unquestionable. Terrell believed his story and left to continue pursuing Quantrill. Senator Jim Lane, for example, led his Jayhawkers into Missouri in September 1861. Mayes was a half Scots-Irish and half Cherokee Confederate sympathizer and a war chief of the Cherokee Nations in Texas. 4. Cutting the telegraph led to one captured guerrilla executed and the torching of every home within a ten-mile radius of the cut. One small group of raiders headed across the cow pasture for the timber. Terrell was a bad man, Langford wrote. After a local request, the US government provided a new headstone for Andersons grave in 1969. In 1858, he moved to Utah where he was a gambler. Initially, before 1860, Quantrill appeared to oppose slavery. Dupuy, Trevor N., Johnson, Curt, and Bongard, David L.. Crouch, Barry A. Union counter-measures included the death penalty for interfering with the railroads. After killing their captives execution-style but shots to the head, the guerrillas brought out their Bowie knives and tomahawks and spent the coming hours in what a witness described as a carnival of blood, dismembering, scalping, mutilating and decapitating their near-naked victims. During this time, Quantrill helped support the family by continuing to work as a schoolteacher, but he left home a year later and headed to Mendota, Illinois. Updated February 2023. Having endured a tempestuous childhood before later becoming a schoolteacher, Quantrill joined a group of bandits who roamed the Missouri and Kansas countryside to apprehend escaped slaves. The fact that a bullet from his revolver closed the career of the celebrated Quantrell [sic] was common talk among the twenty-eight men who composed the scouting party, the Ledger reported in the same story. Sons of Liberty Pre-loaded six-shot cylinders were carried in the pockets of their guerrilla shirts, allowing the guerrillas to quickly reload their weapons by swapping out the empty cylinders for full ones. He said that the hanging of John Brown had been too good for him and that "the devil has got unlimited sway over this territory, and will hold it until we have a better set of man and society generally. When the Civil War erupted, pro-slavery guerilla warfare had already been going on for several years in "Bloody Kansas." He went onto to become a Confederate Captain in 1862. These rarely agree in detail and are usually colored by the perceived legal, political, or personal need for the veteran to present his story in a certain fashion, resulting in a variety of contradictory accounts. One of the main units engaged against Anderson, the 17th Illinois Cavalry, was described by their commanding general as unreliable and almost worthless, so the idea that these second-rate troops might have made a difference elsewhere is very much open to question. Lets have a look at some of his allies and lieutenants, keeping in mind the very fluid organization and command structure of the guerrilla bands. I have never belonged to the Confederate Army, nor do my men. That was in July 1864, before Anderson accepted the October 11, 1864, order from General Prices staff addressed to Captain Anderson. While he did little about the contents, Anderson still carried it with him at his death 16 days later. In March 1864, General Price reportedly made Quantrill a colonel in the CSA in exchange for turning over a large number of his men to the army. At least one source claims the second shot was from Captain Terrells Colt revolver. He died from his wounds on June 6, 1865, at the age of 27. During the caravan, Quantrill was heavily guarded but treated with respect. [25], Another legend that has circulated claims that Quantrill may have escaped custody and fled to Arkansas, where he lived under the name of L.J. Some of the guerrillas were unwilling to live under Union occupation and joined General Jo Shelbys brigade as they crossed into Mexico to offer their services to Emperor Maximillian. God damn his little soul, hes a Dutchman anyway., Bill offered some simple advice to the citizens of Missouri: If you proclaim to be against the guerrillas I will kill you. I aim to see him shot or hanged." "Yes, yes, well might you labor to that end," said Stonehill. Be the first to contribute! But more than likely, Quantrill planned to link up with General Robert E. Lees army, believing that the men would be considered Southern soldiers and would be pardoned with the coming end of the war in Virginia. This raid was the culmination of an . [1] Quantrill's famous or infamous raid upon the sleeping town of Lawrence in the predawn hours of August 21, 1863, has been the subject of endless discourse and debate. The rebel army was driven south into Arkansas and would not return to Missouri for over two years. With Anderson and Quantrill parting company before leaving Texas, Todd took command of the larger remaining splinter group. Quantrill was born in Ohio on July 31, 1837. As Quantrills band maneuvered through Kentucky dressed in federal uniforms, the men passed themselves off openly as members of the nonexistent US 4th Missouri Cavalry. Many guerrilla leaders, like Quantrill, Anderson, and Todd, did not survive the war to give their own views and recorded nothing of consequence when alive (other than Andersons three letters to newspapers). Lieutenant Colonel Samuel P. Cox had been assigned the task of eliminating Anderson. His once-large band broke up into several smaller guerrilla companies. Of the Jayhawkers who had burned and murdered their way through Missouri without ever confronting the Confederate guerrillas, Dr. Charles Jennison was court-martialled in 1865 for looting western Missouri, while Jim Lane, who had narrowly avoided death in the Lawrence raid, shot himself in the head a year after the war ended. William Clarke Quantrill was a Civil War guerrilla leader along the western border of Missouri and Kansas. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. Events & Documents, Learn Rita Skeeter used a long, acid green Quick-Quotes Quill when interviewing people for the Daily Prophet. Duffy claimed to recognize the man, living under the name of John Sharp, as Quantrill. [14], On October 5, 1862, Quantrill attacked and destroyed Shawneetown, Kansas, and Bill Anderson soon revisited and torched the rebuilding settlement. Martin Kelly. Others, like William Anderson, had already entered a dark abyss from which there was no return and no escape except death. In a twisted set of circumstances, some playing out in more recent years, the guerrilla leaders bones have been scattered in restless interment at Dover, Ohio; Louisville, Kentucky; and the old Confederate Soldiers Home cemetery in Higginsville, Missouri. He orchestrated a raid into Missouri to liberate some slaves. He delighted in taking scalps and slitting throats. This left the field open to independent guerrilla commanders who took little if any direction from Confederate authorities. "At the same time I will counsel patience. Battles Happy to read and share the best inspirational William Clarke Quantrill quotes, sayings and quotations on Wise Famous Quotes. There, they met Joel B. Mayes and joined the Cherokee Nations. Unknown to the twenty-seven-year-old chieftain of Quantrills Raiders, the final hour was near. He served the Confederacy and perhaps hoped to secure high rank and recognition from its leaders. Mayes enlisted and served as a private in Company A of the 1st Cherokee Regiment in the Confederate army. Clements was soon back to taking scalps and leading a band of as many as 100 men in a rampage of murder, arson, and robbery even as the Confederate Army collapsed elsewhere. It was a pro-Confederate partisan ranger outfit that was best known for its often brutal guerrilla tactics. They settled at Marais des Cygnes, but things did not go as well as planned. The Kansas City Journal proposed that the bushwackers should be decently treated, decently tried, decently convicted and decently hung.. He was a conscientious, unassuming man, and was not one to try to perpetuate a fraud on the public. In their initial formation, Quantrill's Raiders were nothing more than a collection of pro-Confederate men who fought Union sympathizers in Missouri and Kansas, both of which were (more or less) under control of the Union at the time. Genre: Western. Missouri was known for the quality of its horses and the bushwackers always had better mounts than the indifferent nags and worn-out plow-horses sent to Union troops in a Civil War backwater like Missouri. A squadron of around 425-450 guerrilla fighters prepared to cross the border into . Bobby Clarke 8 Likes 1 - 2 - 3 To be a man's own fool is bad enough, but the vain man is everybody's. William Penn To be like Christ is to be a Christian. With the end of the Civil War around the corner, the Union had driven the formal Confederate army presence from Missouri and was redirecting troops to hunt down the guerrilla bands still operating in the upper South. 11 (not to be confused with General Ulysses S. Grant's order of the same name). The reason for the bloody raid that left nearly two hundred men dead and caused between $1 million and $1.5 million in damage (in 1863 dollars) is still the subject of speculation. Anderson set off on his own with 20 men in March 1864. Nevertheless, the police strongly urged him to leave Mendota. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Although Langford wrote that Quantrill had revealed his identity to him in the pasture soon after he was shot, the farmer in whose house the guerilla was taken has said that the wounded man later denied he was Quantrill. However, neighbors soon began to notice Quantrill stealing goods out of other people's cabins and so they banished him from the community in January 1858. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. morning, April 9th of tuberculosis of the bone, lamented yet another article in the The Albany Ledger, on Friday, April 15, 1910. Viewed as outlaws, Quantrills men faced certain death if captured in Missouri. After the photo-op, Anderson was decapitated and his head stuck on a telegraph pole. The plan was to take St. Louis, but it was too heavily defended. Artist David Plank cant remember a time when he wasnt drawn to birds. 2. A further order forcing the conscription of all able-bodied men into Union militias convinced many young men in Missouri to join the guerrillas instead. Why, he sent me money all the time he was away from home, even when he was a Confederate soldier. Headquartered at the James H. Wakefield farm, the gang had sheltered its horses under the sheds around the barn, protecting them from a rainstorm. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture. On the evening of September 6, 1862, William Quantrill led his Confederate guerrillas, numbering from 125 to 150, in a raid against Olathe, Kansa s. The raid resulted in a half dozen deaths and the destruction of most of the town. In an article published Friday, October 11, 1907, the newspaper states, Here in Gentry County, some five or six miles from Albany, resides a man in the person of John Langford who has the distinction of having shot the guerrilla. By some means apparently unknown to Langford, Quantrills mother later tracked down Langfords location and sent several letters to him, inquiring among other things if he had any relics of Quantrills body still in his possession, the Ledger reported. On that day, Sharp was found severely beaten and died several hours later without giving information about his attackers. William Quantrill Quotes Free Daily Quotes . It would be this group of scouts, under the command of a young officer of the worst imaginable reputation, that would hunt down William Quantrill and end his life. Politics provided only a veneer of legitimacy for their violence and descent into depravity. Instant downloads of all 1725 LitChart PDFs Clements, however, returned to town to have a drink with a friend. Also notable is that the group included the young Jesse James and his older brother Frank James. Trending. Newsletter Langford, in pursuit, made his selection. His other two sisters suffered crippling injuries and disfigurement. His body suffered numerous indignities, his bones were stolen, some put on exhibit, and his skull served duty for decades as a prop in a college fraternitys initiation rites. Rita Skeeter's Quick-Quotes Quill taking notes. The James Brothers, needless to say, used the skills they acquired as bushwackers to become two of the most famous American outlaws in the post-war period. After what became known as the First Battle of Independence, the Confederate government decided to secure the loyalty of Quantrill by issuing him a "formal army commission" to the rank of captain. In August 1907, news articles appeared in Canada and the US that claimed that J.E. While it is possible that at least half the Missouri population were against secession, repressive measures by out-of-state Union forces turned many into reluctant supporters of the Southern cause. Later, the group became Confederate soldiers, who were referred to as "Quantrill's Raiders". By the summer of 1863, it was obvious the war in the West was lost. His parents were Thomas Henry and Caroline Cornelia (Clarke) Quantrill. In the late 1890s, Langford settled in northwest Missouri, south of Albany. He was wounded nine times before his death and was described as a maniac in battle. Todd wrested control of Quantrills band in the spring of 1864 before allying himself with Anderson. The Jayhawkers typically had access to Union arms and supplies while the guerrillas depended on foraging and the support of pro-secession families. His guerrillas certainly did not operate in the same way as the commands of partisan rangers such as John Singleton Mosby and John Hunt Morgan, which were much more tightly integrated with the CSA. Coming in range, fire was opened and yells set up to terrify the Missourians.. Once he and his men caught nine Union soldiers in a schoolhouse and killed them. His father, a high school principal, was less supportive. Scott was a personal friend of Quantrells [sic]. The letters Scott wrote to Langford were dated in the 1890s, as Scott collected facts for a book on Quantrill. Murder, mutilation, looting, and arson were not quickly forgotten crimes and there was little chance they could be considered as simply the fortunes of war. When asked why he joined Quantrill, Anderson replied by saying, "I have chosen guerrilla warfare to revenge myself for wrongs that I could not honorable revenge otherwise. Duffy said that Sharp admitted he was Quantrill and discussed in detail raids in Kansas and elsewhere. Thirty-two such reunions were held, with the image of William Quantrill adopted as a kind of icon for the veterans, who posed with his portrait and wore ribbons with his image. Whether it was in retaliation for an attack by Senator James H. Lanes jayhawkers on Osceola, or revenge for the collapse of a womens prison in Kansas City that killed relatives of Bloody Bill Anderson and other guerrillas, the event that would come to be called the Lawrence Massacre was one of the largest and most significant acts of violence on civilians in the American Civil War. In his teens, Quantrill had short-term stints of employment as a teacher in Ohio, Illinois, and later, in Kansas. Chapter 7 Quotes Preservation If the South had won the war there would have been statues erected in his memory and countless mothers would have named their children after him. Quantrill was also the oldest of twelve children, four of whom died in infancy. Lane became known as the Grim Chieftain.. A Missouri newspaper, The Albany Ledger, published since 1868, is rich in information about the last chapter of Quantrills life. Instead Price began a meandering march in which he wasted his strength in a series of pointless battles. At least three of the raiders died during the same assault at which Quantrill was mortally wounded. Angered by incidents of scalping by Kansas Jayhawkers, the guerrillas took it up themselves in the summer of 1864. He is a quiet, unassuming gentleman, and it was with some difficulty that we gained his consent to relate the incidents of the much-discussed event.. One night while working the late shift, he killed a man. William Quantrill's raid on the Free-State town of Lawrence, Kansas (also known as the Lawrence Massacre) was a defining moment in the border conflict. Andersons biggest objection to Quantrill was that he wasnt intent on killing enough Unionists. On the bloody August day when Quantrills renegade band of more than four hundred guerrillas attacked Lawrence, which was then known as the center of antislavery sentiment, many of the bushwhackers allied with or under the leadership of Quantrill would not participate in the carnage. Biographies As the name Bushwacker implies, the main tactic of the guerrillas was the ambush, sudden attack followed by a quick withdrawal and dispersal on fast mounts into country best known to the guerrillas. [2] By the time he was sixteen, Quantrill was teaching school in Ohio. The group helped protect Missouri farmers from the Jayhawkers for pay and slept wherever they could find lodging. As bushwackers they had learned how easily banks and trains could be robbed and the hard life of a farmer held little appeal by comparison. After Union troops removed the supports for the buildings central girder on the main floor, leading to the buildings collapse and the death of four women, including one of Andersons sisters. [3] In 1854, his abusive father died of tuberculosis, leaving the family with a huge financial debt. Was there plenty of whiskey and hootin and hollerin and shootin things up? This is the truth behind the man and the soldier. That eyewitness to history was a young soldier named John Langford. He is depicted in Robert Schenkkan's series of one-act plays, Quantrill's Lawrence Massacre of 1863 is depicted in. -Graham S. The timeline below shows where the character William Quantrill appears in, he says, Report has it that he rode by the light of the moon with, Eventually, Rooster lets it slip that he fought with Captain, which is a Wild West spectacle including Cole Younger and Frank James. The remains were supposedly buried in Dover in 1889, but Scott attempted to sell what he said were Quantrill's bones and so it is unknown if the remains he returned to Dover or buried in Dover were genuine. American Civil War, About A more recent film, Ride with the Devil, was a fictionalized version of Bloody Bills campaign that worked much harder than its predecessors to get details of the guerrillas style and tactics correct. Anderson joined Quantrills guerrillas. And the ramifications would echo into the next century in a small town in northwest Missouri. Contributions When Todd died in 1864, Poole took over his command. [11], On March 7, 1862, Quantrill and his men overcame a small Union outpost at Aubry, Kansas and ransacked the town. Upon reaching adulthood, Quantrill briefly taught school in Ohio. All rights reserved, The Real Story Behind That Bad Man Stagger Lee, Joseph Orr Creates Landscapes of Serenity. Frank James was an early member of Quantrills band. With the declaration of war in 1861, the North and South separated into usually well-defined areas of battle geography that marked the American Civil War. In the Kansas City region, the name is largely associated with William Clarke Quantrill, the infamous Missouri guerrilla who fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War and led a violent raid on the Unionist town of Lawrence, Kansas, on August 21, 1863.. Citizens on the front lines of the bloody Missouri-Kansas border war viewed Quantrill very differently. Complete all tasks in a timely manner, meaning as soon as possible. But devotion to a cause and carrying out orders were not to Quantrills liking. He arrived at the prison hospital on May 13, 1865. Castel, Albert and Thomas Goodrich: Bloody Bill Anderson: The Short, Savage Life of a Civil War Guerrilla, Lawrence Kansas, 2006, Colton, Ray C.: The Civil War in the Western Territories, Norman, Oklahoma, 1959, Goodman, Thomas M., and Captain Harry A. Houston (ed. It should be noted that much of our knowledge of the guerrillas and their methods of warfare is based on memoirs and interviews provided by the guerrilla veterans. The rifled muskets carried by the Union cavalry were unwieldy on horseback, so Johnston ordered his men to dismount and form a line, with a quarter of his force held back to hold the horses. Hand-in-hand with this was the terrorization of the civilian population by murder, torture, and property destruction. There they burned down the entire town of Osceola and executed nine male civilians. A doctor examined him and advised him that his days were numbered and he should settle his business affairs. HE RODE WITH, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. The guerrilla leader was carried to Wakefields farmhouse, paralyzed below the arms from gunshot damage to the spine. The guerrillas rode into Lawrence on August 21, 1863, shouting Remember Osceola. Over 200 civilian men and boys were killed in four hours.
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