PIC ICSC 0053 - LINDANE - International Labour Organization Sweep spilled substance into sealable non-metallic containers. However, Morton Grove presented new facts supporting its case for jurisdiction in Illinois and the Court held that Morton Grove's "Second Amended Complaint would provide specific jurisdiction over the Center and Weil." In the 1940s, lindane was registered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and in 1951 it was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for medical use in the treatment of scabies, head lice and pubic lice (crabs). Dizziness. As noted by the U.S. District Court, the case pleads that [d]efendants swap agricultural and pharmaceutical research selectively quoting and/or misstating findings from studies relating to the agricultural use of lindane, and widely disseminate false, misleading, and defamatory statements about the safety profile and effectiveness of lindane.[34] On June 18, 2007, Judge Elaine Bucklo issued a written decision denying defendants motion to dismiss and further held that Morton Grove had properly pled a case suitable for trial on the following counts: defamation, false advertising under the Federal Lanham Act, trade disparagement and violation of the Illinois Uniform Deceptive Trade Practice Act. Cough. A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed. This substance is carcinogenic to humans. WebLindane is a persistent organic pollutant: it is relatively long-lived in the environment, it is transported long distances by natural processes like global distillation, and it can Formula: C6H6Cl6 $>. The substance may have effects on the nervous system, bone marrow and liver. Hexachlorocyclohexane 49 CFR 172.322 - Marine pollutants. | Electronic Code CFR Title 49. Transportation 49 CFR 172.101, App. B [26], Lindane is released into the environment during and after agricultural application through volatilization into the atmosphere (estimated at 12-30%), where it has long-range transport potential and can be deposited by rainfall. Exposure to large amounts of lindane can negatively affect the nervous system, producing a range of symptoms from headache and dizziness to seizures, convulsions and more rarely death. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "moderately hazardous", and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. In 2009, the production and agricultural use of lindane was banned under the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. WebLindane Can Be Toxic to Humans Lindane, also known as g-hexachlorocyclohexane (g-HCH), is commonly used in shampoos and other topical treatments for head lice and Lindane (-BHC) is an organochlorine insecticide that is classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP), and serious health problems can arise after In the U.S., lindane medications are approved for the treatment of scabies, pubic lice (crabs), and head lice. [citation needed], The US EPA has determined that lindane does not contaminant drinking water in excess of the Agency's level of concern. Decomposes on heating and on burning. Over time, lindane is broken down in soil, sediment and water into less harmful substances by algae, fungi and bacteria; however, the process is relatively slow and dependent on ambient environmental conditions. Air pollution on the Front Range has gotten worse, EPA 0 For example, a meta-analysis of studies looking at the association between occupational exposure to agricultural lindane and non-Hodgkins lymphona among U.S. farmers found that lindane was not a primary factor in the development of the disease. [18] (see also Agricultural vs. Healthcare Applications) WebInternational initiatives on Lindane include the Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants of the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution; the Rotterdam Convention; the OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Northeast Atlantic, the Great 0000001327 00000 n [16] Only rarely have seizures and even more rarely fatal reactions been reported when lindane medications were used (presumably) according to directions.[7][11][12]. Refer immediately for medical attention. Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 does not support some functions on Chemie.DE. It is also a recognised irritant. The study also documented a marked decrease in lindane wastewater contamination and lindane poisoning incidents reported to Poison Control Centers. Separated from bases and food and feedstuffs. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. In addition, there were 46 hospitalizations, and seven life-threatening outcomesfive from the same household. In 1987, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified lindane as a possible human carcinogen. This article is based in part on the public domain US government document at FDA.gov. WebThe table located at Appendix B to 172.101, List of Marine Pollutants, contains two columns. Wash hands before eating. [27] Similar findings were noted by U.S. Geologic Survey teams in 1999 and 2000. Reacts with bases. Great care, however, should be taken to avoid any additional release, for example through inappropriate disposal. People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its contact with eyes, skin and via inhalation. Not combustible. WebLindane is considered to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms, and moderately toxic to birds and mammals. [1] (e) MARINE POLLUTANT mark. [1][19] The most common side effects with topical use of lindane medications are nonserious reactions of the skin, including burning, itching, dryness and rash. Wear protective gloves when administering first aid. 0000006227 00000 n This substance does enter the environment under normal use. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR), Subtitle B - Other Regulations Relating to Transportation, CHAPTER I - PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, SUBCHAPTER C - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS, PART 172 - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TABLE, SPECIAL PROVISIONS, HAZARDOUS MATERIALS COMMUNICATIONS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION, TRAINING REQUIREMENTS, AND SECURITY PLANS. Inhalation risk Carefully collect remainder. Toxicity of phenanthrene and lindane mixtures to marine Where dimensions are not specified, all features shall be in approximate proportion to those shown. The company seeks damages and injunctive relief against all of the defendants. Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices [28] More specifically, the EPA conducted down-the-drain estimates of the amount of lindane reaching public water supplies from the use of lindane medications using data from California water treatment facilities, concluding that lindane levels from pharmaceutical sources were extremely low and not of concern.[5]. 125 0 obj <>stream Vlkov and Hofman demonstrated that soil properties affect the bioavailability of persistent organic pollutants such as lindane, DDT, phenanthrene and [1] In the 1940s and 1950s lindane producers stockpiled these isomers in open heaps, which led to ground and water contamination. UN Hazard Class: 6.1; UN Pack Group: III, Prepared by an international group of experts on behalf of ILO and WHO, (i) At least 100 mm (3.9 inches) as measured from the outside of the lines forming the border for marks applied to: (A) Non-bulk packages, except in the case of packages which, because of their size, can only bear smaller marks. Aurora is best viewed in areas without light pollution and no cloud cover. Purpose Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (-, - and - (Lindane)) were recently included as new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention, and therefore, the legacy of HCH and Lindane production became a contemporary topic of global relevance. Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. Long-term toxicity of lindane through oxidative stress and cell Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 0000002858 00000 n ILO and WHO 2021. The authors concluded that "The California experience suggests elimination of pharmaceutical lindane produced environmental benefits, was associated with a reduction in reported unintentional exposures and did not adversely affect head lice and scabies treatment. Lindane is moderately toxic to mammals and may be a neurotoxin. Lindane has adverse effects on trailer Rinse mouth. Effects of short-term exposure Lindane (Persistant Organic Pollutant) in the EU, Best Practices of De-Contamination Exchanged. Lindane has long been associated with pollution due to its long persistence and quick accumulation in fatty tissues. It also notes that careful consideration should be given before prescribing lindane medications to patients with conditions that may increase the risk of seizure, such as HIV infection, history of head trauma or a prior seizure, CNS tumor, the presence of severe hepatic cirrhosis, excessive use of alcohol, abrupt withdrawal from alcohol or sedatives, as well as concomitant use of medications known to lower seizure threshold. In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agencys Cancer Assessment Review Committee for lindane downgraded the carcinogenic classification of lindane from possible to suggestive evidence, concluding that the data did not support the need for further study of the carcinogenic risks in humans. This mark may be displayed in black lettering on a white square-on-point configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard. 0000000736 00000 n [23] However, more recent evaluations by subject matter experts do not support this rating. The width of the border forming the square-on-point marking must be at least 2 mm. %%EOF [13], The State of California banned the pharmaceutical use of lindane, effective 2002. That's what the Environmental Protection Agency said after downgrading ozone standards in the Lindane has been used in the U.S. for more than 60 years, both in healthcare and in agriculture. 0000003484 00000 n 0000005726 00000 n Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. (c) A transport vehicle or freight container that contains a package subject to the marking requirements of paragraph (a) or (b) of this section must be marked with the MARINE POLLUTANT mark. 0000003791 00000 n [4] There is a bill in the New York State Assembly and Senate to ban its use in head lice products and limit its use on scabies, which had not passed as of September 2007. Previous work showed that Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 degrades lindane and that, in the presence of the pesticide, The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion. [6] In the U.S., lindane medications are exclusively manufactured and distributed by Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Air quality and pollution has gotten worse in Colorado. To use all the functions on Chemie.DE please activate JavaScript. For these purposes, 105 fish were exposed to different concentrations of Lindane for 96 h in 5 groups with 3 replications. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. [6] Mexico has committed to a structured, voluntary phase out of lindane through the North American Regional Action Plan (NARAP) but currently authorizes agricultural, veterinary and healthcare uses. A marking in conformance with the requirements of this paragraph in effect on December 31, 2014, may continue to be used until December 31, 2016. Histological effects of sublethal concentrations of insecticide Lindane This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including hydrogen chloride and trichlorobenzenes (see ICSCs 0344, 1049 and 1222). With an accout for my.chemeurope.com you can always see everything at a glance and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter. Remove contaminated clothes. The World Health Organization classifies lindane as "Moderately Hazardous," and its international trade is restricted and regulated under the Rotterdam Convention on Prior Informed Consent. [1] Adverse hematologic effects have also been reported with chronic occupational exposures and excessive dermal applications; however, a direct cause and effect has not been established. Lindane (Gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane) - US EPA In 2003, the FDA published a safety analysis of adverse events reported in association with the use of lindane medications received through its adverse event monitoring system (AERS database) between from 1974 through 2002. Lindane - Wikipedia %PDF-1.6 % Current as of October 03, 2022 | Updated by FindLaw Staff. Lindane is registered for use in 50 countries, with restricted-use status in 33 of these countries. Tremor. [1] The ecological impact of lindanes environmental persistence continues to be debated. This is the third severe geomagnetic storm (G4) since Solar Cycle 25 began in 2019. WebThis Lindane Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) Document replaces the earlier National Marine Fisheries Service No Observed Adverse Effect Level National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System EPA Office of Pesticide Programs Population Adjusted Dose Pesticide Analytical Method Public Document WHITE CRYSTALLINE POWDER. [1][21] Similarly, no increased cancer risk was noted in a large epidemiologic study of lindane medications involving a 143,594-patient database with up to 21 years of follow up, which concluded that There is still no persuasive evidence from studies of humans that lindane, as ordinarily used clinically, is carcinogenic in humans. [22] (3) Except for transportation by vessel, on a bulk packaging, freight container or transport vehicle that bears a label or placard specified in subparts E or F of this part. (2) On a combination packaging containing a marine pollutant, other than a severe marine pollutant, in inner packagings each of which contains: (i) 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less net capacity for liquids; or. <<77808EBE95D8C749B7A9AFF580CD8412>]>> Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. startxref Lindane Six cases of congenital anomaly were also describedfive for infants "possibly" exposed to lindane in utero and one paternal exposurebut no characteristic pattern of effect was noted. Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABAA receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. 89 0 obj <>stream Medical observation is indicated. Lindane is categorized as a persistent organic pollutant, and its concentrated form persists in the aquatic environment. Cyanobacteria are able to tolerate, and even metabolize, moderate doses of organochlorine pesticides, such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane), one of the most persistent and widely used in recent decades. Camphor benzalkonium methosulfate. For example, warfarin is used as a rodenticide to poison mice and rats (e.g., Kaput, D-Con) but is also formulated for medical use as an oral anticoagulant or "blood thinner" to treat patients with heart attacks, strokes and other clot-related disorders (e.g., Coumadin). Lindane in soil can leach to surface and even ground water and can bioaccumulate in the food chain. The mark must be visible from the direction it faces. DEA methoxycinnamate. If the size of the package so requires, the dimensions/line thickness may be reduced, provided the marking remains clearly visible. eCFR :: 49 CFR 172.322 -- Marine pollutants. [15], The current FDA-approved product labeling emphasizes that lindane medications are contraindicated for use in premature infants and individuals with known uncontrolled seizure disorders and should be used with caution in infants, children, the elderly, and individuals with other skin conditions (e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis) and in those who weigh less than 110 lbs (50 kg) as they may be at risk of serious neurotoxicity. [7], Based on these findings, lindane lotion and lindane shampoo were limited to small unit-dose bottles in 2003 by the FDA to mitigate the risk of misuse and further enhance product safety. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink, but NOT if convulsions occur. [1] In 2006, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) called for the voluntary cancellation of all agricultural uses of lindane, limited in recent years to pre-planting seed treatments. 104 0 obj <> endobj [4][6] It is banned in 52 countries and the state of California, and is under review for addition to the Stockholm Convention On Persistent Organic Pollutants. 0000050404 00000 n Read what you need to know about our industry portal chemeurope.com. 0000001686 00000 n In humans, lindane primarily affects the nervous system, liver and kidneys, and may be a carcinogen and/or endocrine disruptor.[1][2]. (4) On a package of limited quantity material marked in accordance with 172.315 of this part. The substance is very toxic to aquatic organisms. Lindane, Hexachlorocyclohexane (Technical Grade), To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser. [25] In 2002, the EPA concluded that lindane agricultural products were eligible for re-registration given industry compliance with certain data and labeling requirements to mitigate occupational risks to workers. Samples of intestinal tissues were prepared in both control The Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants considers the use of lindane in agriculture as largely redundant, with other, less toxic and less persistent pesticides. The direct causes of death for the other cases were attributed to reasons other than lindane. Boiling point: 323C Melting point: 113C Density: 1.9 g/cmSolubility in water, g/100ml at 20C: 0.0007 (very poor)Vapour pressure, Pa at 20C: 0.0012 Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20C (air = 1): 1Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 3.61 - 3.72. A recent analysis concluded that a majority of pediatricians had not experienced problems treating lice or scabies since that ban took effect. Headache. [7] [17] When used properly, lindane medications are safe and effective for the diseases they are approved. [7][11][12] [16] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Indeed, most of the adverse human health effects reported for lindane have related to agricultural uses and chronic, occupational exposure of seed treatment workers to agricultural-grade lindane. Where two or more components that make a material a marine pollutant are present, the names of at least two of the components most predominantly contributing to the marine pollutant designation must appear in parentheses in association with the marked proper shipping name. Access to page content (press "Enter") Lindane and [6] (see also Regulatory Status) The FDA, however, continues to support the use of lindane prescription medications, noting that The risk of occupational/environmental exposure should be assessed separately and independent of the risk related to the therapeutic use of a medication to treat a medical condition where there is direct benefit to the patient. Web( d) The MARINE POLLUTANT mark is not required ( 1) On single packagings or combination packagings where each single package or each inner packaging of combination packagings has: ( i) A net quantity of 5 L (1.3 gallons) or less for liquids; or ( ii) A net [1] Vomiting and nausea are usual symptoms associated with oral ingestions of lindane but serious neurologic effects can occur, albeit less frequently. Transportation Physical State; Appearance [15] (see also Pharmaceutical Uses) Lindane has not been shown to alter immunocompetence in humans and is not considered to be genotoxic. 0000000016 00000 n Studies of the carcinogenic effects of lindane have been inconclusive and often limited by study design; however, no major carcinogenic effects have been noted in human trials to date. This article wants to briefly summarise the Lindane [7][8][9] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also includes lindane medications in their Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines as viable treatment alternatives for the management of scabies and pubic lice, consistent with the approved prescription labeling for these products. A medication guide, written in plain English, was also developed and is now required by law to be dispensed with every lindane prescription dispensed in the U.S. to better educate patients and caregivers on safe application technique. Perspectives of lindane (-hexachlorocyclohexane) 0000057076 00000 n People who are occupationally exposed to it are advised to avoid its 0000057176 00000 n 0000003713 00000 n 0000003168 00000 n
What Is The Relationship Between Private Revenge And Public Revenge, Articles I