[101], Tin forms several inter-metallic phases with lithium metal, making it a potentially attractive material for battery applications. Most of the world's tin is traded on LME, from 8 countries, under 17 brands. Medium = substitution is possible but there may be an economic and/or performance impact
Here's a longer and more descriptive list of things that are metal: Chain: A link of small connected metal loops. Lanterns and other punched tin articles were created in the New World from the earliest European settlement. The colour of pure tin is retained during exposure because a thin, invisible, protective film of stannic oxide is formed spontaneously by reaction with the oxygen of the air. Current studies are for Lead or Lead-Bismuth reactor coolants because both heavy metals are nearly transparent to fast neutrons with very low capture cross sections. Dimes affixed to plain cufflinks are a great way to mark your special 10 year occasion! The mixed halide-alkyls, which are more common and more important commercially than the tetraorgano derivatives, are prepared by redistribution reactions: Divalent organotin compounds are uncommon, although more common than related divalent organogermanium and organosilicon compounds. A modern day problem with 'tin pest' has thus arisen, as the tin-lead alloys used to coat leads in electrical equipment have sometimes been replaced with pure tin due to new environmental legislation. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). Research showed that only some crystalline facets of tetragonal (beta) Sn are responsible for undesirable electrochemical activity. Deliver her a bouquet of bright daffodils, which are synonymous with this season of rebirth. Household aluminum foil is typically made of a thin layer of aluminum with a . Updates? ITC was able to avoid truly steep declines through accelerated buying for its buffer stockpile; this activity required extensive borrowing. ITC continued to borrow until late 1985 when it reached its credit limit. Weve found everything from small tokens of affection to much bigger gifts, ideal for such a special anniversary as the 10th. Tin(IV) oxide is used for ceramics and gas sensors. I love the two sizes so she'll always have just the size she needs. The isotopes with even mass numbers have no nuclear spin, while those with odd mass numbers have a spin of 1/2. [60], International Tin Council was established in 1947 to control the price of tin. We welcome your feedback. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. The magic of paint! Cosmically, tin is a product of neutron absorption. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains stannic oxide, SnO 2. There are different varieties of daffodils, some bloom as early as February and some as late as May which means you won't find these the rest of the year. Decorative piercing designs exist in a wide variety, based on local tradition and the artisan.
This discovery was so revolutionary that that Bronze Age was born - a name given to any civilisation which made tools and weapons from this alloy of copper and tin. [48], Tin is the 49th most abundant element in Earth's crust, representing 2ppm compared with 75ppm for zinc, 50ppm for copper, and 14ppm for lead. Tin cans are traditionally made from steel coated with tin. The light of a candle shining through the pierced design creates a decorative light pattern in the room where it sits. [46], Most organotin compounds are colorless liquids or solids that are stable to air and water. 9. [97] Imposex is the imposition of male sexual characteristics on female specimens where they grow a penis and a pallial vas deferens. Because of the low toxicity of inorganic tin, tin-plated steel is widely used for food packaging as tin cans. Window frames.
Chart: Tin use in the United States in 2021.
Tin is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table of elements. Elements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. Sepro Labs has metallurgical testing services to find out if tin can be economically recovered from your mineral resource. Compared to other beneficiation technologies, its inexpensive to operate and install, has a low environmental impact, and can recover ultrafine metal particles. Elemental tin is apparently nontoxic, and quantities of tin up to 300 parts per million, as dissolved by foods packaged in tin-plated containers and cooking utensils, are not harmful. The organotin compounds are most heavily used. Which is unfortunate, as tin cans are actually made from steel; tin foil is made from aluminium and tin whistles.well you get the idea. Dark chocolate and cocoa powder. tributyltin hydride (Sn(C4H9)3H). You can create any designs you want. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity.
In the largest application, stannous chloride is a common reducing agent for the conversion of nitro and oxime groups to amines. [13] Some unverifiable sources also say that, during Napoleon's Russian campaign of 1812, the temperatures became so cold that the tin buttons on the soldiers' uniforms disintegrated over time, contributing to the defeat of the Grande Arme,[14] a persistent legend. Please enable JavaScript to access the full features of the site. Have a nighttime picnic on the patio or curl up together and watch the sunset while these lanterns light your wayand mark your ten years together. A tin of notes and memories (Source: Indulgy) Find a simple tin container and fill it with special memories, cute notes, favour coupons, or simply kind words written on cue cards. Boiling point
This process is actually a very simple chemical transformation of one structural form of tin - silvery, metallic 'white tin' or 'beta tin' - into another - brittle, non-metallic 'grey tin' or 'alpha tin'. Do you know someone crafty with a tin anniversary on the way? People were able to manufacture quality tools and weapons for sale or trade. Create a pen and pencil holder. Melting point
Whether he's a gearhead or not, a funky and personalised tin license plate makes a cool addition to your art collection. Now, if you think that tin is the same as aluminum its not. A niobium-tin alloy is used for superconducting magnets. At levels of 100mg/m3, tin is immediately dangerous to life and health. ITC supported the price of tin during periods of low prices by buying tin for its buffer stockpile and was able to restrain the price during periods of high prices by selling from the stockpile. It's easy to make just put strips of cotton fabric in an Altoids tin, close the lid tightly, make a hole in the tin, and place it in a fire to "cook.". Tin has many uses. Some of the more commercially important stannous compounds are stannous chloride, SnCl2, used in tin galvanizing and as a reducing agent in the manufacture of polymers and dyes; stannous oxide, SnO, employed in making tin salts for chemical reagents and for plating; and stannous fluoride, SnF2, an active ingredient in toothpastes. catalyze decomposition of carbonate-based electrolytes used in Li-ion batteries. [99] With the high levels of TBT in the local inshore areas, due to shipping activities, the shellfish had an adverse effect. Tin-plated (or tinning) steel containers is widely used for food preservation, and this forms a large part of the market for metallic tin. Sepro Labs has access to a wide range of gravity testing options such as centrifugal units, heavy media separation, shaking tables and analytical tables. Many metals we use today are alloys. Organotin(II) compounds include both stannylenes (formula: R2Sn, as seen for singlet carbenes) and distannylenes (R4Sn2), which are roughly equivalent to alkenes. Uses Tin has many uses. The niobiumtin compound Nb3Sn is commercially used in coils of superconducting magnets for its high critical temperature (18K) and critical magnetic field (25T). Replacement alloys are being found, but the problems of joint integrity remain. Contrary to popular belief, tin cans are not truly made out of tin. Tin can form a bond with carbon, as in the more than 500 known organotin compounds. So while it may now seem that tin plays a small role in our everyday lives, remember that once it figured in the rise and fall of civilisations. In a simple tin, place an engraved lock that you had personalized and perhaps a few extra treats. Well, some enterprising metal workers at the end of the Stone Age discovered that the addition of a small amount of tin into molten copper resulted in a new alloy. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell. [98] Tributyltin has been used as a biomarker for imposex in neogastropods, with at least 82 known species. Murray Robertson is the artist behind the images which make up Visual Elements. [18], Commercial grades of tin (99.8% tin content) resist transformation because of the inhibiting effect of small amounts of bismuth, antimony, lead, and silver present as impurities. (For a full treatment of tin mining, refining, and recovery, see tin processing.). Pair them with some stylish gardening tools, make a date to plant the bulbs together and she'll be beaming. It is obtained commercially by reducing the ore with coal in a furnace. A soft, pliable metal. Tin can form many oxides, sulfides, and other chalcogenide derivatives. Uncombined elements have an oxidation state of 0. A whole decade, can you believe it? If this isnt an accurate description of every guys man cave, then I dont know what is. Of the remaining seven isotopes Tin-112 has a capture cross section of 1 Barn. When a bar of tin is bent a crackling sound known as the "tin cry" can be heard from the twinning of the crystals. [45] Some organotin compounds are highly toxic and have been used as biocides. Tin is one of the most recognizable metals on the planet thanks to the familiar tin can. It is a soft, silvery white metal with a bluish tinge, known to the ancients in bronze, an alloy with copper. [36] Cassiterite is usually black or dark in color, and these deposits can be easily seen in river banks. I did have to spray paint them first. Sweetie got a sweet tooth? [citation needed], Cassiterite (SnO2), the oxide form of tin, was most likely the original source of tin. Its use has now been banned in most countries. Other tin ores are less common sulfides such as stannite that require a more involved smelting process.
A set of old gaudy cookie tins turned into nesting boxes. The way to defeat 'tin pest' is to mix tin with other metals, and these days tin is mainly used to form alloys - for example bronze, pewter and solders. [96] Many nations now restrict the use of organotin compounds to vessels greater than 25m (82ft) long. We've rounded up the . This quality aluminum sign is available in many sizes, including small, in case their partner doesnt want to be reminded of how many times football has come first. Tin pest can occur in lead-free solders, leading to loss of the soldered joint. -Solve Labs has metallurgical testing services to find out if tin can be economically recovered from your mineral resource. Table numbering from perforated tin cans. Data for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply. Recovery of tin through recycling is increasing rapidly.[when? [18], Tin becomes a superconductor below 3.72K[20] and was one of the first superconductors to be studied. The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself, expressed on a relative scale. It's also the primary ingredient in pewter (85-99%). While they are labeled "tin cans," food cans often comprise a steel base with a thin tin layer. Stoves. The description of the element in its natural form. It's used as an alloying element to make things like bronze (1/8th tin and 7/8ths copper). This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores. Tin is nontoxic, ductile, malleable, and adapted to all kinds of cold-working, such as rolling, spinning, and extrusion. This website collects cookies to deliver a better user experience. If she could, Meredith would spend her days taking cruises, helping animals in need, and watching Big Brother! It is used in welding applications and is strong enough to hold most metals together. Remember those best friend necklaces? The International Tin Association estimated that global refined tin consumption will grow 7.2 percent in 2021, after losing 1.6 percent in 2020 as the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global manufacturing industries. Copyright 2023 Sepro Mineral Systems Corp. | All Rights Reserved. Made from recycled cans, each disc moves freely on the canvas, so any vibrations or breezes will cause small shifts. China led the world in tin production in the early 21st century, accounting for nearly half of all production; Indonesia, Peru, and Bolivia were also top producers. In reality, tin is quite rare, making up only two parts per million of the Earths crust. Modern reproductions are decorated with such motifs as hearts and tulips. Pornographic, defamatory, libellous, scandalous, fraudulent, immoral, infringing or otherwise unlawful use of the Images is, of course, prohibited. To mark your tenth year since marriage, its customary to give your spouse a gift made of or related to tin. 20. Your tenth anniversary is the ideal time to take a step back and really say thank you to your partner for being there for you over the years. Calculate how many days its been since each of your milestones together and mark each one with a dime fora bullet point! Tin occurs in grains of the native metal but chiefly as stannic oxide, SnO2, in the mineral cassiterite, the only tin mineral of commercial significance. Some examples of metals are iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, tin, and lead. This change is rapid only below 50 C (58 F), unless catalyzed by gray tin or tin in the +4 oxidation state, but is prevented by small amounts of antimony, bismuth, copper, lead, silver, or gold normally present in commercial grades of tin. [100] Not only does tributyltin affect mammals, it affects sea otters, whales, dolphins, and humans. Tin is a soft, malleable, ductile and highly crystalline silvery-white metal. Tin mixes well with bismuth, gallium, lead, thallium and zinc, forming simple eutectic systems. However, our specialty in advanced centrifugal gravity concentration is a perfect fit to recover tin, even in ultrafine tin slimes. Stamped guitar pick This modern gift is so much cooler than a stuffy, traditional gift.
This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. CAS number
2014-08-22 15:19:24. While lead exposure is associated with serious health problems, lead-free solder is not without its challenges, including a higher melting point, and the formation of tin whiskers that cause electrical problems. Tin Gifts Discover unique gifts made of tin and 10th anniversary gifts to help mark that special occasion with personalized frames, tins of tea, and soothing spa kits. Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact. Worldwide industrial production probably exceeds 50,000 tonnes. The oxidation state of an atom is a measure of the degree of oxidation of an atom. You're listening to Chemistry in its element brought to you by. Remind him just how much you care with a gift that speaks to all the fun times youve shared together. Water pipes. This didn't change much right up to the modern age with only a handful of discoveries before the renaissance such as antimony and arsenic. [68], Tin bonds readily to iron and is used for coating lead, zinc, and steel to prevent corrosion. If you are listening to this podcast on a computer with a traditional colour monitor Europium will be enhancing your view of the Chemistry World website. For more information on the Visual Elements image see the Uses and properties section below.
Some of the best, most creative and awesome crafts and decor are made from just such things. If fresh daffodils aren't in season and she loves gardening, gift her with a set of daffodil bulbs to plant in the fall. A masculine version of the ring earlier in this post, this ring is both sleek and rugged. The RSC maintains this Site for your information, education, communication, and personal entertainment. Roasted pumpkin and squash seeds. For an alternative option to the traditional round cufflink, check out these square ones. Plus, the nonstick coating is oh-so-easy to clean great for your if you do the cleaning after she does the cooking. The metal is non-toxic, but organo-tin compounds can be poisonous and must be handled with care. A tinsmith is a person who makes and repairs things made of tin or other light metals. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. Your spouse can put it in their wallet for a quick reminder of how much you love them whenever they need it. We hope that you enjoy your visit to this Site. High = substitution not possible or very difficult. It is a soft, silvery white metal with a bluish tinge, known to the ancients in bronze, an alloy with copper. In such cases we would ask you to sign a Visual Elements licence agreement, tailored to the specific use you propose. If you dont quite have the budget for a bouquet of tinsmithed flowers, fold your own out of tinfoil! Fence: A metal barrier that is commonly made of links of chains. In 1984, Association of Tin Producing Countries was created, with Australia, Bolivia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Thailand, and Zaire as members. Have dimes stamped with your wedding date and a little tin plate engraved with a cute quote about your decade together. wonderfuldiy.com is an up-and-coming community of people specialized in high-quality and on-trend cool projects and tutorials in home design, fashion, and crafts. [26] In order to use a Tin or Tin-Lead coolant the Tin would first have to go through isotopes separation to remove the 115, 117 and 119 isotopes from the material. [15][16][17], The - transformation temperature is 13.2C (55.8F), but impurities (e.g. In the absence of such stabilizers, PVC would rapidly degrade under heat, light, and atmospheric oxygen, resulting in discolored, brittle products. DIY Rope Accessories for the Perfect Nautical Style, 15 Creative Hair Braiding Tutorials and Styles, Sweet, Sour and Everything In Between: Homemade Ketchup Recipes, Wonderful DIY Crochet Harriet Bag with Free Pattern. Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average. Chemistry in its element is brought to you by the Royal Society of Chemistry and produced by. The profession may sometimes also be known as a tinner, tinker, tinman, or tinplate worker; whitesmith may also refer to this profession, [1] though the same word may also refer to an unrelated specialty of iron-smithing. But put them together, and a secret message appears. This answer is: Study guides. This is also called the "Pilkington process". The most important tin salt used is tin(II) chloride, which is used as a reducing agent and as a mordant for dyeing calico and silk. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) determined a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 2mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. [90] Tributyltin oxide is used as a wood preservative. Organic tin compounds commonly used as biocides and fungicides are, however, toxic to human beings. It provides a measure of how difficult it is to extend a material, with a value given by the ratio of tensile strength to tensile strain. The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems. Graf, G. G. (2000) "Tin, Tin Alloys, and Tin Compounds" in, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive, Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties", "Ink with tin nanoparticles could print future circuit boards", "Tin Pests | Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering", "Book review: The last alchemist in Pari", "Tin-Formation About the Element Tin | Periodic Table", "Neutron Scattering Lengths and cross sections", "Westinghouse Nuclear > Energy Systems > Lead-cooled Fast Reactor", "Abundance of the Elements in the Solar System", "Interrelation between gold and tin: A historical perspective", "Synthetic aspects of tetraorganotins and organotin(IV) halides", "Seminole Group Colombia Discovers High Grade Tin Ore in the Amazon Jungle", "Agreement establishing the Association of Tin Producing Countries [1984] ATS 10", "Significant events affecting tin prices since 1958", "Tin surge worsens supply chain woes for electronics, solar and auto firms", "Tin demand to decline International Tin Association", "Metal Pipes: And the Materials used in their Construction", "Organotin in Industrial and Domestic Products", "Tin Hazards To Fish, Wildlife, and Invertebrates: A Synoptic Review", "Regulation (EC) No 782/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 April 2003 on the prohibition of organotin compounds on ships", "The Effects of Tributyltin on the Marine Environment", "Tin and Tin Compound Materials as Anodes in Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries: A Review", "CDC NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards Tin", Theodore Gray's Wooden Periodic Table Table, CDC NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tin&oldid=1151825452, This page was last edited on 26 April 2023, at 13:36. Data for this section been provided by the. One derivation of such use is the slang term "tinnie" or "tinny", meaning "can of beer" in Australia. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase. Due to the fact that tin is more expensive than metals such as aluminum, this is the main use for tin because many other uses can be replaced with aluminum. [93] Tributyltin was used as additive for ship paint to prevent growth of fouling organisms on ships, with use declining after organotin compounds were recognized as persistent organic pollutants with high toxicity for some marine organisms (the dog whelk, for example). Full instructions here. Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of a kilogram of a substance by 1 K. A measure of the stiffness of a substance. Tin is used in many different industries to help with producing finished goods. Contrary to popular belief, tin cans are . Stannum apparently came from an earlier stgnum (meaning the same substance),[30] the origin of the Romance and Celtic terms for tin, such as French tain, Spanish estao, Italian stagno, and Irish stn. Omissions? Some organotin compounds can be extremely toxic. Tin mines were operating in both the Inca and Aztec domains of South and Central America before the Spanish conquest. [64], During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the U.S. reduced its strategic tin stockpile, partly to take advantage of historically high tin prices. Its application is somewhat limited by the fact that some tin surfaces[which?] Modern reproductions of these articles remain popular in North America. Whatever you choose, the tin lid keeps you right on theme. Theyre a cool alternative to the average pair and every time he slips them on, hell be able to think back to your wedding and also your anniversary. Theyre the perfect DIY way to accompany other gifts or trinkets with a token tin element to mark ten years. Instead of a tin gift, punch holes in tin cans and paint them to make cute lanterns. Hang it in his man cave and he'll have an interactive work of art every time his bass is thumping. [10][11], -tin, also called white tin, is the allotrope (structural form) of elemental tin that is stable at and above room temperature. The toughest part is deciding which craft to make:) Patriotic Decor. [92] Tributyltin is also used for various industrial purposes such as slime control in paper mills and disinfection of circulating industrial cooling waters. Tin had a direct impact on human history mainly on account of bronze, although it could be used in its own right, witness a tin ring and pilgrim bottle found in an Egyptian tomb of the eighteenth dynasty (15801350 BC). First ionisation energyThe minimum energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom in its ground state. It is defined as the equilibrium pressure exerted by the gas produced above a substance in a closed system. When your spouse is feeling down, they can pull one out and smile! Combined these three isotopes make up about 17% of the entire mass of natural Tin but represent nearly all of the capture cross section. Saws, Hammers, Drills, in fact pretty much all hand tools Pressed "tin" Ceilings. And while tin is a traditional gift because it is considered durable and strong, it is actually weaker compared to aluminum. Have you heard of the Bronze Age? Until then, I'm Chris Smith, thank you for listening and goodbye. In the cold winters of Northern Europe the loss of tin organ pipes as they began to disintegrate into dust has been known for centuries as 'tin pest', 'tin disease' or 'tin leprosy'. Inside the tin, place notes for your spouse to read when they miss you or simply on the morning of your anniversary. Tin has ten stable isotopes, the greatest number of any element. It does not mix into a solution with most metals and elements so tin does not have much solid solubility. The first organotin compound to be reported was diethyltin diiodide ((C2H5)2SnI2), reported by Edward Frankland in 1849. When bent, the so-called "tin cry" can be heard as a result of twinning in tin crystals;[9] this trait is shared by indium, cadmium, zinc, and mercury in the solid state. Weve found some lovely tin gift options for you to consider, and we have also included some aluminum options. [49], Tin does not occur as the native element but must be extracted from various ores. [56], Tin is produced by carbothermic reduction of the oxide ore with carbon or coke. Modern cars feature carbon steel, which is a lighter form of the metal. This Site has been carefully prepared for your visit, and we ask you to honour and agree to the following terms and conditions when using this Site. Each allotrope has different physical properties. Tin cans are used to store food and drink items and are made of thin sheets of tin-plated steel. Make With Tin Can. Oxidation under alkaline conditions normally gives the tetrapositive (Sn4+) state. Its richness in stable isotopes is noteworthy. Atomic radius, non-bonded
Alternatively SnCl4 and Sn combine to stannous chloride by a process called comproportionation:[40]. Tin Can Pumpkins. On the other hand, if youre able to pull out the big spending guns this year, what could be better than a stunning diamond eternity band? This type of tin is used to cover a variety of other metals to help prevent them from rusting and to help keep them sealed and protected. Copyright of and ownership in the Images reside with Murray Robertson. For the most advanced and precise metallurgical testing services, contact Sepro Labs today. It is estimated that, at current consumption rates and technologies, the Earth will run out of mine-able tin in 40 years. If he's always wanted to see himself on the pages of a comic, this is his chance. Veal liver. 2010 - 2022 Sharp Capital. [91], Some organotin compounds are relatively toxic, with both advantages and problems. [44] Of the tin compounds, the organic derivatives are commercially the most useful. Facts You Should Know: The Periodic Table Quiz. Recognizing the value of the do-it-yourself movement of the last several years, wonderfuldiy.com is inspired by unique yet replicable ideas. Tin is also used to rustproof such things as paperclips, hair grips, and safety pins. In the great majority of its compounds, tin has the oxidation state II or IV. No high-grade deposits are known. This was an anti-free-market approach, designed to assure a sufficient flow of tin to consumer countries and a profit for producer countries. This one only works for spring-ish anniversaries. [39] Sn)2 is amphoteric, which means that it dissolves in both acidic and basic solutions. Stannic compounds of significance include stannic chloride, SnCl4, widely used as a stabilizer for perfumes and as a starting material for other tin salts; and stannic oxide, SnO2, a useful catalyst in certain industrial processes and a polishing powder for steel. 100Sn and 132Sn are two of the few nuclides with a "doubly magic" nucleus which despite being unstable, as they have very uneven neutronproton ratios, are the endpoints beyond which tin isotopes lighter than 100Sn and heavier than 132Sn are much less stable. To be associated with a list of obsolete consumable items is especially unfortunate for tin, when we consider that it was responsible for literally changing civilisation! [21] The Meissner effect, one of the characteristic features of superconductors, was first discovered in superconducting tin crystals. Tin has no known biological role in humans, although it may be essential to some species. Cassiterite (SnO2) is the only commercially important source of tin, although small quantities of tin are recovered from complex sulfides such as stannite, cylindrite, franckeite, canfieldite, and teallite. Tin salts sprayed onto glass are used to produce electrically conductive coatings. Most window glass is made by floating molten glass on molten tin to produce a flat surface. Can-Do Robots {Crafts to Do} ~ This is a fun crafts to do to help get older children on the path to recycling.These friendly robots are more than just good-looking; magnets hold their features .
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