Most teachers reported that they were not coping with the stress associated with rationalization and redeployment as they created serious psychological and social problems. According to Ritzer, McDonaldization is comprised of four main components: efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. This means to explain something without needing evidence for it. The results highlighted that there are negative associations between general health and being afraid, feelings of sadness, being irritable and stressed due to COVID-19. As mentioned before, feeling irritable is mainly related to lack of certainty about the future. Many corporations have been making an effort to deny the kind of rationalization similar to what Ritzer calls McDonaldization. For instance, while higher education is negatively associated with higher feeling of irritability, it is positively associated with feelings of being guilty and afraid. This can be considered an example of how Western culture, focused on efficiency of transfer of knowledge, has spread around the rest of the world. These students teach the Honor Code to fifth graders, who, in turn, explain it to younger elementary school students to help establish a student-driven culture of integrity. That way, our hypothesis regarding impaired emotions of students could have been confirmed. If you try to pretend everything is fine by using rationalization as a coping strategy, it wont last for very long before the negativity builds up again resulting in more intense reactions with even bigger consequences later on down the road. This is by diminishing their valuebut only temporarily. This is through counseling or joining an addiction recovery support group today. For example, a student who is rejected from her. Correlation was obtained from variance covariance matrices, where that metric itself, was obtained by inverting the working weights, see Table 3. The objective function of the cubic smoothing spline, based on the penalized least square, and based on Eq 2 is written as: Study hard for an exam to avoid a low grade. Junk-journalism, defined here as inoffensive and trivial news served up in palatable portions, is an example of Mcdonaldization. There are many different types of rationalization defense mechanisms, but they all involve justifying unacceptable behaviors or feelings with logic. As the results of the survey were collected in spring 2020 when the first and most severe real lockdown occurred in the U.S., it is not practical to recollect the data to incorporate more observations. It can lead to negative emotions, increase the likelihood of failure, makes it harder for us to admit fault when necessary, and leaves people feeling like they have no control over their own life. This defense mechanism can be very harmful because it can prevent us from getting the help we need and dealing with our problems head-on. This can be helpful for preventing negative emotions from building up and causing problems in our lives. In some cases, rationalization can also be used as an addiction coping mechanism. The negative association of guilt might be related to the sense of responsibility that students feel while taking this important precaution. It can help them to have someone who will encourage them to keep going even when things get difficult again. This can create a hostile environment and lead to social fragmentation . The residual is formed so the vector back fitting could be conducted for estimation of g(j)k(xk) as: Max weber rationalization theory. The results highlighted that female student experienced higher levels of being afraid, irritable, stressed, and guilty. Ritzer argues that as McDonalds enters a country, consumer patterns are unified, and starting with the food chains, local cultures are westernized. More educational programs are needed to encourage students to feel a sense of responsibility by staying away from a large population but keeping in touch with close friends while keeping safety in mind. Emotions of sadness, fear, irritability, stress and guilt were incorporated in a unified model by means of seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). Our results highlighted that higher income is associated with various negative emotions such as being afraid, irritable, and stress. A research study published in the journal Applied Ergonomics reveals that rationalisation measures often have a major negative impact on both the physical and psychosocial work environment.. Negative Consequences Rational: Oftentimes, students misbehave thinking that they can get away with it. Irrationality can be seen as the opposite of rationality. Independent researcher, Iran, Affiliation: The stupid printer printed the wrong documents! Blame Shifting in Private It wasnt my fault. Through assignments, class exercises, and films, students contextualize modernity and its unintended negative consequences by viewing McDonaldization though the lenses of work and jobs. 3) prevalence of emotional labour. The irrationality of rationality is simply a label for many of the negative aspects . Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from the self-reported height and weight on a 4-point scale, from excellent to poor (obese). e0264985. By that I mean that they deny the basic humanity, the human reason, of the people who work within or are served by them. For instance, a study found an association between major life experience, and life stress and depression [12]. Finally, it is important to note that models are considered to account for associations, and not causations across various considered models. In the data analysis, these negative emotions including being sad, afraid, irritable, stressed and guilty, with similar scale were used. As a result, based on the current literature, we cannot certainly conclude that how the associated factors of various negative emotions vary. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. This involves explaining an unacceptable behavior or feeling in a rational or logical way. Some of these include: When you use this type of coping strategy, you feel like you have some sense of control over the situation and your emotions even if what youre doing isnt really solving anything. Positive mental health essentially allows you to effectively deal with lifes everyday challenges. In the case of college students impacted by a pandemic, studying various emotions are especially important as emotions are associated with mental health and various decision-making behaviors. Or while, avoiding travel is positively associated with being stressed, sad and afraid, it is negatively associated with being irritable. On the other hand, avoiding all people outside the immediate family is positively associated with being sad, afraid, stressed and guilty. Rational systems inevitably spawn irrationalities that limit, eventually compromise, and perhaps even undermine their rationality. However, behaviors such as avoiding a large group of people was found to reduce the associated negative feelings. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. The '80s thriller demonised women seen as a 'threat' to the nuclear family - and gave rise to a particularly harmful phrase. The category of 1825 accounts for the majority of students. In conclusion, rationalization is a defense mechanism that causes many problems in our lives. If youre not able to admit fault when its appropriate, this will lead to many problems in your life that are difficult or impossible to resolve. This type of rationalization involves feeling morally superior to others as a way of making feel better about yourself. At the same time, they are more afraid of COVID-19 compared with other lower educated individuals. The next few paragraphs discuss associations between various students characteristics and negative emotional feelings. The choices we make are aided by emotions, where emotions, themselves, are elicited during considering various alternatives as being disadvantages or advantages (cost-benefit analysis) [42]. When youre engaging in rationalization, it means theres an underlying issue bothering you. It is expected that various irrational behaviors associated with COVI-19 are caused by lack of understanding about the pandemic and the impact of related negative emotions. So, if we want to estimate s we multiply z by u, and regress against x* for estimation of . Besides the common negative emotions that the pandemic is expected to impose on the well-being of people, it is also expected to impose some negative impacts that are not related to the containment of virus. We have "struggling students," "students who suffer from trauma," "gifted students," and "special education students.". doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264985, Editor: Robert Jeenchen Chen, Stanford University School of Medicine, UNITED STATES, Received: October 11, 2021; Accepted: February 14, 2022; Published: March 7, 2022. Researchers have developed an AI that has attained perfect rationality in this setting, and have done so using a number of general-purpose techniques. This NYiSE focuses attention on the fact of placement (i.e., the child's repeated Rationalization is a mechanism fraught with consequences. Rationalization can result in failure if it goes unchecked since some things cannot be fixed later on down the road without causing more stress and anxiety than they already did when you were originally dealing with them. Citation: Rezapour M, Dehzangi A, Saadati F (2022) Students negative emotions and their rational and irrational behaviors during COVID-19 outbreak. The McDonaldization Theory of George Ritzer: "McDonaldization" is a term used by sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1993). It can help them to have someone who will encourage them to keep going even when things get difficult again. Also, studies investigated irrational and aberrant behaviors during crisis. It means the profile of this sample may be a biased representation of the US college students in general. The public health authorities limited activities such as recreational traveling due to an increase in the spread of the disease. Here we explain the 20 most common defense mechanisms, some of which include denial, projection, dissociation, and humor. For creating the smooth parameters, values closer to the mean of the parameter are used and repetitive and further values from the mean ignored. It is to avoid the true explanation. 4 Although the actions of traveling seem to be strongly against social distancing, many outdoor activities are less involved with interacting with other people. Rationalization is one of the most common defense mechanisms, especially among people who struggle with anxiety and depression. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. People may find that they need additional support from their friends and family during this time. This will also make any issues harder than ever before since there has already been some time pass which means that resolving them now will take longer compared to if they were still fresh in your mind without too much wear & tear time due to repeated use of this defense mechanism. Labels play a big role in conversations at school. From Eq 5, it is clear that the vector splines do not depend on y, and is fixed so it is a linear smoother. This type of rationalization defense mechanism involves downplaying either a situation or its impact in an effort to reduce feelings like guilt and shame. Under control, the fourth component, employees become standardized and replaced by non-human technologies. In this blog post, we will discuss all rationalization defense mechanism. The McDonaldization Theory of George Ritzer. Based on the above discussion, students should hear the truth about the gravity of the disease and while taking scientific precautions seriously they should not let negative emotions control their behaviors and take it to the extreme so as to negatively impact their mental health. Feeling of fear occurs when one is in danger, and it controls defensive response to threats [13]. This study was conducted by using the results of a survey conducted across 2,534 students enrolled in 7 states in the US. 2 Studying emotions is especially important as they are expected to impact the general health of people. THIS CHAPTER: - process of rationalization in society. Negative Reinforcement: The act of removing an unpleasant stimulus with the aim of increasing desired behavior. One of the advantages of the smoothing is that it does not suffer from the curse of dimensionality [30], as smooths are treated univariately. Mental Health Issues. Redeployment and rationalisation had serious negative consequences on learners. It is worth noting that, having students from other parts of the countrysuch as southern states of the UScould have brought more reliable outcome for present study. In psychotherapy, a defense mechanism is a coping strategy. Since starting the pandemic, several studies and different aspects of associated negative emotions related to COVID-19 has been reported in the literature. This relates to the idea of availability versus variety you can get a lot of one thing, but not necessarily the thing you want. Previous studies emphasized on importance of positive emotions on promoting health [8], and how the absence of negative emotions can result in better health and longevity [9]. Also, feeling afraid might be linked to the possibility of the illness spreading to other family members or losing those infected. - key changes in Canadian labour market. For instance, Fig 1A shows while there is a negative association between being afraid and family income, the association between that predictor and feeling sad is not significant. This often makes them worse rather than better. McDonaldization is a term used by sociologist George Ritzer in his book The McDonaldization of Society (1993). of McDonaldization. Some of the main causes of irritably has been discussed as feeling pressured, waiting and being uncertain about the future or an answer to the problem at hand [18]. Where Max Weber used the model of the bureaucracy to represent the direction of this changing society, Ritzer sees the fast-food restaurant as having become a more representative contemporary paradigm. The second component, calculability, refers to the quantifiable objectives of fast-food chains. Mahdi Rezapour, where f(xi) is a smooth function, is a smoothing parameter, which was used to control the models smoothness, f(x) is the second derivative of smooth function to penalize for wiggiliness of f(xi). The take-away could be linked to the previous study [49], where a contrast was made between physical distancing and social distancing during COVID-19. See answer Advertisement varikuppalarajarajes Clarification is important for an enterprise to boom sales, lower expenses and enhance its bottom line. Online TherapyPhysiotherapyDiabetesHypertensionWeight Loss / GainPrimary Care, Employers / CorporatesHealth plansDoctors / ProvidersTherapists, Privacy Policy | Terms of Use | Refund Policy | Our Locations. In this study feelings of sadness, fear, guilt, irritability, stress were considered as the response, which the following paragraphs will briefly outline. 6 This allows people to quantify how much theyre getting versus how much theyre paying. Max weber rationalization theory.The way that nations interact is through modems such as media and technology, which allow for easy access to knowledge and interpersonal communication. The results highlight the variation across various negative emotions in response to avoiding travel. To indicate various negative emotional feelings, the respondents could slide a vertical bar to the left or right to indicate their response, and it did not have to be a fixed value. where the influence matrix of S() is: Rationalization, essentially the increasing of efficiency and control within the business environment has been developing since the late 1800's, it was first introduced originally to the manufacturing industry by Henry Ford and Frederick Winslow Taylor. The criteria for selection of various responses for different models are due to specific question related to different negative emotions. On the other hand, having an infected individual in the community was found to increase negative feelings possibly due to enhancing perceptions regarding the consequences of having COVID-19. Improve your emotional wellbeing whenever and wherever you want. Here feeling sad might be related to feeling empathy for a friend or family member. This can provide you with the tools and support you need to address the underlying issues causing your rationalization. The results highlighted that a higher family income reduce feeling afraid, irritable, and stressed. But I didnt want to hurt his feelings, so I just said it was okay. Faking Interests I love playing golf even though its really boring.. There are many side-effects of using rationalization as a defense mechanism. A comparison across associated factors to different negative emotions by means of a unified model is especially missing from the literature. The variable was incorporated to study a possible extreme precautionary behavior of students.